Death

Being raised

The character's original constitution limits the amount of times they can be restored to life by magical means of any kind, excepting a wish or alter reality.1) PHB 12.

Characters who are restored to live by raise dead, resurrection or a resurrection effect such as a rod of resurrection lose 1 CON permanently.2) PHB 12 Since reincarnation changes ability scores, the CON loss is not considered, though the above rule regarding original CON is still relevant.

Being raised by a wish does not cause CON loss, nor does it count against times raised.

Method	Works on elves and half-orcs?	Res. check?	CON loss?	Counts against max raises?	Can bypass max raises?
Raise Dead	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Resurrection	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Rod of Resurrection	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Elixir of Life	Yes	No	No	No	Yes
Reincarnation	Yes	No3) PHB 85.	N/A	Yes	No
wishes or alter reality	Yes	No	No	No	Yes

Souls and spirits

Elves and half-orcs cannot be affected by raise dead or resurrection4) PHB 50, PHB 53. because they have spirits, not souls.5) DDG 10. The soul or spirit is the unchanging thing that travels to another plane after death, and that which is returned when the creature is restored to life. Therefore, even if an elf or half-orc is reincarnated into a human, the character does not become eligible for raise dead or resurrection.

While polymorphed or shape changed

Unless the ability explicitly says so, the creature does not change form upon death.6) Nowhere in the rules does it say this happens.

Whether a creature can be raised from the dead by raise dead or resurrection depends on its original form. For example, a human druid who died while shape changed into giant bat form could be raised, but an elven or half-orc who died while polymorphed into a human could not.7) Remember that elves and half-orcs can not be brought back by raise dead or resurrection, only a rod of resurrection, wish, or similar. See Death for more info. When the creature is raised, it will remain in the form it died in (including wounds and poison, as normal, unless the means used to raise state otherwise).

Henchmen

When henchmen are killed and not raised, the question arises of what happens to their possessions. No mention of this is given in the rules, so rules are provided in the Wills rules extension.